سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
musa khoshkalam khosroshahi; zahra moradi
Abstract
Energy is always a widely used input in the production sector and used in the distribution and consumption of many goods and services, which should be used optimally. One of the indicators showing the optimal use of energy input is the energy intensity index. Obviously, the lower the energy intensity, ...
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Energy is always a widely used input in the production sector and used in the distribution and consumption of many goods and services, which should be used optimally. One of the indicators showing the optimal use of energy input is the energy intensity index. Obviously, the lower the energy intensity, it means that less energy has been used for each unit of production of goods and services. Several factors can be mentioned that affect energy intensity, of which innovation is one of the key ones. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of several factors on energy intensity in selected countries of the MENA region during the period of 2010-2020, with an emphasis on innovation and its two sub-indices (Information and communication technology and Access to finance). To achieve the goal of the research, the panel data model (panel data) for 13 selected MENA countries and the GMM estimation method have been used. The results show that the influence of control variables including "government final consumption expenditure", "energy price" and "trade openness" on energy intensity is negative and significant. The estimation findings of the first model indicate a negative and significant effect of the overall innovation index on energy intensity, and the estimation results of the second and third models also indicate a negative and significant effect of the innovation sub-indices (information and communication technology and financial access) on the energy intensity of the selected countries in the period. is under investigation.
سیاستگذاریهای اقتصادی و مالی در حوزههای فوقالذکر در سطوح ملی، منطقهای و جهانی
rezvan hemati; musa khoshkalam khosroshahi
Abstract
Environmental degradation is one of the most important concerns in developing countries. One of the most important indicators whose study helps to understand the extent of the world's support for improving the quality of the environment is the ecological footprint (EF). EF is an indicator that shows ...
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Environmental degradation is one of the most important concerns in developing countries. One of the most important indicators whose study helps to understand the extent of the world's support for improving the quality of the environment is the ecological footprint (EF). EF is an indicator that shows the environmental constraints and the extent of human encroachment on these constraints. Numerous factors such as energy consumption, etc. are effective on the EF, but on the one hand due to the effective role of economic freedom and governance in the EF, and on the other hand, due to the lack of interaction between these two variables on the EF in any domestic studies, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction of economic freedom and governance on the EF of selected developing countries during the period 1971-2017 and two econometric models (The first model: the effect of economic freedom and governance as independent variables on the EF and the second model: the interaction of economic freedom and governance on the EF) in the form of panel data method have been used. The results of the first model indicate that the effect of economic freedom and governance on the EF of selected developing countries are positive (and significant) and negative (and significant), respectively, but the results of the second model estimate indicate that the interaction of economic freedom and governance on the EF of selected developing countries is negative and significant.
